Genetic Factors Associated with Adrenal Adenoma

While the complete causes of adrenal adenoma are not fully understood, medical research has made some significant gains in recent years in determining the predisposing genetic factors that can increase the chances of being diagnosed with this condition. So, let us first take a look at why genetics will play a role in many diseases and then examine three potential syndromes that may place someone at risk for developing adrenal adenoma.

Genetics 101

Our genes control nearly every aspect of our lives and in this case, genes can play an important role in determining our predisposition to certain diseases. Identifying the specific roles that each gene plays is the focus of intense research and while we have not yet accomplished this in regards to adrenal adenoma, there have been three genetically inherited conditions that will predispose one to develop this illness. Let us take a quick look at all three.

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type I

In simplest terms, this disease will cause one or more adrenal glands to form a tumour. The exact gene is thought to be a gene known as the RET sequence. If this gene is lacking, there is the possibility for multiple tumours to form. Once again, the majority of these will be benign and the treatment will involve the removal of the gland itself as well as hormone therapy.

Beckwith-Weidemann Syndrome

This genetic disorder causes individuals to grow to substantially large physical sizes. Most critically, their organs will also become notably enlarged. As with any rather uncontrolled growth, there is the heightened possibility that tumours will develop. The chromosome for this disease is passed on within families although there is no guarantee that adrenal adenoma will result, even if one has the chromosome responsible.

Carney Complex

This genetic disorder will affect various areas of the body and cause tumours in the connective tissues of those affected. While this occurrence is usually limited to these regions, the adrenal glands can sometimes become affected. This illness can also cause an excess amount of cortisol to be released; another common indicator of adrenal adenoma. Two specific chromosomes have been identified as being the root causes for this condition.

These are three predisposing genetic conditions that have been found to directly contribute to the incidence of adrenal adenoma. Still, other genetic variables are being considered. For example, it is not yet known if a history of diabetes within a family will have any direct influence on the development of adrenal adenoma.

Furthermore, it is thought that genetic damage due to exposure to carcinogens over long periods of time will increase the likelihood of an adenoma occurring. Still, it is a widely accepted scientific fact that lifestyle habits such as smoking will cause a certain amount of chromosomal and genetic damage In turn, this will increase the likelihood of developing tumours and other abnormal growths (such as cancers).

It is hoped that in the future, certain targeted gene therapies can be used to help lower the chances of adrenal adenoma occurring; especially if chromosomal defects are identified in children at an early age. Still, this research is in its early stages and until it becomes more accurate, traditional surgical methods are the preferred methods to deal with adrenal adenoma.